2016 Fungi Observations by Gene Kremer

previous years observations

Intended to document some of the local diversity of mushrooms and other fungi, and as practice in observation and identification of fungi. Best viewed with Firefox.
Primary Location: mixed woods (aspen, fir, maple, birch, pine) 20 miles north of Duluth, MN 47.043 N 92.095 W

common name
scientific name date location/substrate;cap;gills;stipe;spore print;microscopic notes; comments ... right-click /view image for detail
Mac/Safari use control-click and choose "Open Image in New Window" ..

saved - yes
spore print - pinkish brown 2016-09-20 B loose group on ground in mixed woods; cap 5 cm, yellowish tan slightly darker to center, finely hairy; gills loose, yellow, attached, many lamelluae; stipe 5 cm x 1 cm equal, larger base with small ceastipose fruiting body.

Lepiota aspera group cf. eriphora
saved - yes
spore print - white 2016-09-20 A on ground in mixed woods; cap 6 cm, tan with dark brown scales closer at low umbo; gills loose, white, free; stipe 5 cm x 1-2 cm sharply larger at base, dried ring with scales beneath, dark mycelium at base.

Sarcodon scabrosus
IDed on MO
saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-30 A on ground in mixed woods; cap 8 cm (irregular), tan with dark brown scales that fall off; toothed densely, tan 8mm; stipe 3/2 cm, tan with darker scales.

Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides
IDed on MO
saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-29 A group on dead stump; cap brown rubbery, 1-5.5 cm, planar with umbo soon becoming funnel-shaped, concentric rings of tiny fibers of same color, thin fleshed; gills decurrent, brown, shallow, subdistant; stipe brown 3-5 x .5 cm, much white mycelia at base in wood

Thelephora americana
saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-28 A funnel/spatulate shapes growning on others below on wood; tops dark brown, zonated, irregular; underside dark brown powdery becoming tan when dry; stipe short, dark brown.

Climacodon pulcherrimus
Kuo
saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-27 A shelving on downded aspen log; cap 13 x 9 x 6 cm, soft, white to tan densely matted hairs turning reddish brown when dry; underside densely toothed, white; flesh white not bruising, indistinct taste and odor.

Pholiota squaroides

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-25 A large cluster on dead birch log; cap 4-6 cm creamy with reddish-brown scales, dry; gills close, attached, turning dark with reddish tones, veil remnants on edge; stipe colored as cap, scaly, with ring; odor not distinctive.

Abortiporus biennis

saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-24 A cluster on ground in mixed woods; caps 6-15 cm broadly concave discs, zonated reddish-brown with cream edge, velvety; underside white, minute pores, bruising purplish; stipe brown 4 x 2 cm, central.

Clavariadelphus unicolor

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-21 A solitary on dead wood; club shaped 4 cm quickly tapering to 1 cm, dark tan, soft, wrinkled on top and 'stipe' furrowed and firbrous; context soft white without structure.

Hygrocybe cf. persistens

saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-19 C group on ground in mixed woods; cap orange to yellow to greenish-yellow (mature), split/eroded around edge, conical with umbo; gills free, distant, blade like, greenish-yellow; stipe same color as cap.

Laccaria cf. laccata

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-19 A small group on ground in mixed wood; cap buff 4 cm, convex with indented center, edge entire and vertical; gills attached slightly decurrent, pale purplish white, nearly distant, small pieces of white tissue on gills and stipe; stipe 7 cm x .75 cm, equal, buff with darker striations, longitudinally involuted in part, white mycelium on base.

Clavaria vermicularis

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-16 A small cluster on ground; 3-4 cm pale yellow, cylindric, unbranched, fused at base.

Tylopilus pseudoscaber

saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-15 B on ground in mixed woods; cap brown 12cm, convex, smooth, even turned up edge (mature specimen); pores dark brown bruising blue-green then dark brown, subdecurrent; stipe 8 cm x 2 cm, dark brown with dark striations, curved, bluing near apex.

Xeromphalina kauffmanii

saved - yes
spore print - white 2016-08-15 A dense cluster on rotted balsam fir stump; cap 1-2.5 cm, pale orange, depressed center, smooth to finely tomentose; gills decurrent, pale orange, loose, curving down at edge but not inrolled; stipe 2-3 cm x 1 mm, maroon, clustered at base.

Clavariadelphus americanus

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-14 D on ground in mixed woods; club shaped 7 cm tapering smoothly 1-.5 cm dusky tan, grooves. no image

Ramaria stricta

saved - yes
spore print - 'rusty yellow' 2016-08-14 C on ground in mixed woods; coral dusky pink with yellowish cristate tips, well developed bases branching well up.
Comment: not coral colored enough for formosa but could be. Spore color 'rusty yellow fits very well. No bruising noted.

Tremellodron pallidum

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-08-14 B on ground in mixed woods; coral 3-7 cm high x 3-6 cm across,

Boletus/Leccinum subglabripes

saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-14 A on ground in mixed woods; cap orangish-tan, 4-6 cm, broadly convex, smooth, somewhat viscid; pores yellow, fairly large, not bruising; stipe 4-6 cm x .5-1 cm, yellow with small dots (scabers).

Hedgehog
Hydnum repadnum

saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-03 A on ground under pine, balsam fir, aspen; cap 7cm. orange/brown, multipart; toothed creamy white; stipe fleshy, creamy, 6 cm x 2-3 cm. Deliscious sauted in butter on crostini.

Boletus (Xerocomus) spadiceus
saved - no
spore print - 2016-08-03 B bolete on ground under pine, balsam fir, aspen; cap olive brown, subtomentose, dry, red line under pileus; pores yellow, not to weakly bruising blue; stipe weakly reticulate at apex, equal 5-7 cm x 1.3 cm; taste mild.

Entoloma cf. rhodopolium

saved - yes
spore print - pinkish brown 2016-07-31 A on ground in mixed woods with aspen; cap 3-7 cm, glaborous, 'silky' when dry and slippery wet, young/fresh specimens with very small white edge and inrolled, spherical to conical-wavy-lumpy looking; gills notched, white turning pinkish-tan, close; stipe 6-9 cm x 1.5-3 cm broadening towards base, fibrous and peeling where slug-eaten, with no scurfiness or ring remnant observed; odor unremarkable, taste unpleasant to mildly acrid.
Comments: I've tried to ID this puppy several times over the years, ending with different species guesses. Kuo suggest insigne in presence of aspen; several MO observations from Ontario farther east than MN; but lacks scurfiness on stipe apex. A lovely mushroom.

Hapalopilus nidulans

saved - yes
spore print - white 2016-07-19 A Polypore shelf on downded maple branch; top surface 6 x 3 x 2.5 cm soft, mottled yellowish-tan, laterally fused; pores darker tan and bruising darker, 2-4/mm, angular near base, whitish on surface; stemless.

Tricholomopsis rutilans

saved - yes
spore print - white 2016-06-27 B on ground in mixed woods; cap 4-6 cm, tan background with small purplish scales-more to center, broadly convex with round shoulder (edge); gills attached, white; stipe 4-6 cm x .5-1 cm tapering larger at apex, tan with purplish scabers/streaks, clear near apex with no ring remnant.

Cortinarius subgenus Telamonia (Fr.) Trog
IDed on MO
saved - yes
spore print - light purplish-brown 2016-06-20 A, 2016-06-27 A Sparse group on ground in mixed woods; cap1-2.5 cm, cinnamon brown, convex with broad umbo, fine fibrils, inrolled edge; gills attached, tan turning brown, wrinkled; 1.5-4.5 cm x 0.7-1.5 cm, brown streaks on cream background, lower half bulbous.

Exidia recica

saved - yes
spore print - 2016-05-12 A jelly group on 1" willow stem in mixed woods; soft but elastic .5-1.5 cm when moist and half that dry, purplish-brown, glossy, irregular flattened discs; nearly sessile, smallstipe; underside less glossy.

Gyromitra cf. korfi
False morel
saved - nos
spore print - 2016-05-12 B on groud litter in mixed woods; cap irregular "brain-like", tan to reddish-brown, 3-5 cm wide x as much high, bottom edge free; stipe white, smooth, 3-5 x 1 cm slightly enlarged at base;

Aleuria aurantia
Orange Peel
saved - no
spore print - 2016-05-12 C on ground in mixed woods; cap cuplike, 3 cm across, bright orange top/upper duller lower surface; central attachment to ground without stipe.

References:
Mushrooms of the Midwest by Kuo and Methven
Mushrrooms of Northeastern North America by Bessette & Fischer
Boletes of North America by Bessette
Mushrooms Demystified by David Arona
Fascinating Fungi of the North Woods by Cora Mollen and Larry Weber
Lichens of North America by Brodo
several publications by Paul Stamets
How to identify Mushrooms...I, III, and VI by Largent & Baroni lish-brown, glossy, irregular flattened discs; nearly sessile, smallstipe; underside less glossy.
Gyromitra cf. korfi
False morel
saved - nos
spore print - 2016-05-12 Bon groud litter in mixed woods; cap irregular "brain-like", tan to reddish-brown, 3-5 cm wide x as much high, bottom edge free; stipe white, smooth, 3-5 x 1 cm slightly enlarged at base;
Aleuria aurantia
Orange Peel
saved - no
spore print - 2016-05-12 Con ground in mixed woods; cap cuplike, 3 cm across, bright orange top/upper duller lower surface; central attachment to ground without stipe.

common name scientific name	date	location/substrate;cap;gills;stipe;spore print;microscopic notes; comments	...	right-click /view image for detail Mac/Safari use control-click and choose "Open Image in New Window"	..
saved - yes spore print - pinkish brown	2016-09-20 B	loose group on ground in mixed woods; cap 5 cm, yellowish tan slightly darker to center, finely hairy; gills loose, yellow, attached, many lamelluae; stipe 5 cm x 1 cm equal, larger base with small ceastipose fruiting body.
*Lepiota aspera group cf. eriphora* saved - yes spore print - white	2016-09-20 A	on ground in mixed woods; cap 6 cm, tan with dark brown scales closer at low umbo; gills loose, white, free; stipe 5 cm x 1-2 cm sharply larger at base, dried ring with scales beneath, dark mycelium at base.
*Sarcodon scabrosus* IDed on MO saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-30 A	on ground in mixed woods; cap 8 cm (irregular), tan with dark brown scales that fall off; toothed densely, tan 8mm; stipe 3/2 cm, tan with darker scales.
*Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides* IDed on MO saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-29 A	group on dead stump; cap brown rubbery, 1-5.5 cm, planar with umbo soon becoming funnel-shaped, concentric rings of tiny fibers of same color, thin fleshed; gills decurrent, brown, shallow, subdistant; stipe brown 3-5 x .5 cm, much white mycelia at base in wood
*Thelephora americana* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-28 A	funnel/spatulate shapes growning on others below on wood; tops dark brown, zonated, irregular; underside dark brown powdery becoming tan when dry; stipe short, dark brown.
*Climacodon pulcherrimus* Kuo saved - no spore print -	2016-08-27 A	shelving on downded aspen log; cap 13 x 9 x 6 cm, soft, white to tan densely matted hairs turning reddish brown when dry; underside densely toothed, white; flesh white not bruising, indistinct taste and odor.
*Pholiota squaroides* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-25 A	large cluster on dead birch log; cap 4-6 cm creamy with reddish-brown scales, dry; gills close, attached, turning dark with reddish tones, veil remnants on edge; stipe colored as cap, scaly, with ring; odor not distinctive.
*Abortiporus biennis* saved - no spore print -	2016-08-24 A	cluster on ground in mixed woods; caps 6-15 cm broadly concave discs, zonated reddish-brown with cream edge, velvety; underside white, minute pores, bruising purplish; stipe brown 4 x 2 cm, central.
*Clavariadelphus unicolor* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-21 A	solitary on dead wood; club shaped 4 cm quickly tapering to 1 cm, dark tan, soft, wrinkled on top and 'stipe' furrowed and firbrous; context soft white without structure.
*Hygrocybe cf. persistens* saved - no spore print -	2016-08-19 C	group on ground in mixed woods; cap orange to yellow to greenish-yellow (mature), split/eroded around edge, conical with umbo; gills free, distant, blade like, greenish-yellow; stipe same color as cap.
*Laccaria cf. laccata* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-19 A	small group on ground in mixed wood; cap buff 4 cm, convex with indented center, edge entire and vertical; gills attached slightly decurrent, pale purplish white, nearly distant, small pieces of white tissue on gills and stipe; stipe 7 cm x .75 cm, equal, buff with darker striations, longitudinally involuted in part, white mycelium on base.
*Clavaria vermicularis* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-16 A	small cluster on ground; 3-4 cm pale yellow, cylindric, unbranched, fused at base.
*Tylopilus pseudoscaber* saved - no spore print -	2016-08-15 B	on ground in mixed woods; cap brown 12cm, convex, smooth, even turned up edge (mature specimen); pores dark brown bruising blue-green then dark brown, subdecurrent; stipe 8 cm x 2 cm, dark brown with dark striations, curved, bluing near apex.
*Xeromphalina kauffmanii* saved - yes spore print - white	2016-08-15 A	dense cluster on rotted balsam fir stump; cap 1-2.5 cm, pale orange, depressed center, smooth to finely tomentose; gills decurrent, pale orange, loose, curving down at edge but not inrolled; stipe 2-3 cm x 1 mm, maroon, clustered at base.
*Clavariadelphus americanus* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-14 D	on ground in mixed woods; club shaped 7 cm tapering smoothly 1-.5 cm dusky tan, grooves.		no image
*Ramaria stricta* saved - yes spore print - 'rusty yellow'	2016-08-14 C	on ground in mixed woods; coral dusky pink with yellowish cristate tips, well developed bases branching well up. Comment: not coral colored enough for formosa but could be. Spore color 'rusty yellow fits very well. No bruising noted.
*Tremellodron pallidum* saved - yes spore print -	2016-08-14 B	on ground in mixed woods; coral 3-7 cm high x 3-6 cm across,
*Boletus/Leccinum subglabripes* saved - no spore print -	2016-08-14 A	on ground in mixed woods; cap orangish-tan, 4-6 cm, broadly convex, smooth, somewhat viscid; pores yellow, fairly large, not bruising; stipe 4-6 cm x .5-1 cm, yellow with small dots (scabers).
Hedgehog Hydnum repadnum saved - no spore print -	2016-08-03 A	on ground under pine, balsam fir, aspen; cap 7cm. orange/brown, multipart; toothed creamy white; stipe fleshy, creamy, 6 cm x 2-3 cm. Deliscious sauted in butter on crostini.
*Boletus (Xerocomus) spadiceus* saved - no spore print -	2016-08-03 B	bolete on ground under pine, balsam fir, aspen; cap olive brown, subtomentose, dry, red line under pileus; pores yellow, not to weakly bruising blue; stipe weakly reticulate at apex, equal 5-7 cm x 1.3 cm; taste mild.
*Entoloma cf. rhodopolium* saved - yes spore print - pinkish brown	2016-07-31 A	on ground in mixed woods with aspen; cap 3-7 cm, glaborous, 'silky' when dry and slippery wet, young/fresh specimens with very small white edge and inrolled, spherical to conical-wavy-lumpy looking; gills notched, white turning pinkish-tan, close; stipe 6-9 cm x 1.5-3 cm broadening towards base, fibrous and peeling where slug-eaten, with no scurfiness or ring remnant observed; odor unremarkable, taste unpleasant to mildly acrid. Comments: I've tried to ID this puppy several times over the years, ending with different species guesses. Kuo suggest insigne in presence of aspen; several MO observations from Ontario farther east than MN; but lacks scurfiness on stipe apex. A lovely mushroom.
*Hapalopilus nidulans* saved - yes spore print - white	2016-07-19 A	Polypore shelf on downded maple branch; top surface 6 x 3 x 2.5 cm soft, mottled yellowish-tan, laterally fused; pores darker tan and bruising darker, 2-4/mm, angular near base, whitish on surface; stemless.
*Tricholomopsis rutilans* saved - yes spore print - white	2016-06-27 B	on ground in mixed woods; cap 4-6 cm, tan background with small purplish scales-more to center, broadly convex with round shoulder (edge); gills attached, white; stipe 4-6 cm x .5-1 cm tapering larger at apex, tan with purplish scabers/streaks, clear near apex with no ring remnant.
*Cortinarius subgenus Telamonia (Fr.) Trog* IDed on MO saved - yes spore print - light purplish-brown	2016-06-20 A, 2016-06-27 A	Sparse group on ground in mixed woods; cap1-2.5 cm, cinnamon brown, convex with broad umbo, fine fibrils, inrolled edge; gills attached, tan turning brown, wrinkled; 1.5-4.5 cm x 0.7-1.5 cm, brown streaks on cream background, lower half bulbous.
*Exidia recica* saved - yes spore print -	2016-05-12 A	jelly group on 1" willow stem in mixed woods; soft but elastic .5-1.5 cm when moist and half that dry, purplish-brown, glossy, irregular flattened discs; nearly sessile, smallstipe; underside less glossy.
*Gyromitra cf. korfi* False morel saved - nos spore print -	2016-05-12 B	on groud litter in mixed woods; cap irregular "brain-like", tan to reddish-brown, 3-5 cm wide x as much high, bottom edge free; stipe white, smooth, 3-5 x 1 cm slightly enlarged at base;
*Aleuria aurantia* Orange Peel saved - no spore print -	2016-05-12 C	on ground in mixed woods; cap cuplike, 3 cm across, bright orange top/upper duller lower surface; central attachment to ground without stipe.